Heat Transfer in Forced Convection Apparatus:
Description:
The apparatus consists of a blower for supply of air to the test section through a heating element. The test section is made up of copper / stainless steel / brass. An electrical heater is placed around the tube heats the air, using a dimmer provided can control heat input. Airflow is measured by the manometer, which is connected across an orifice placed near the test section. The surface temperature of the tube wall is measured at different sections using thermocouples embedded in the walls.
The whole system is a single unit, consists of a metallic, powder coated control panel with m s square tube table, which gives esthetic finish.
Specifications:
» Test Section: Copper Tube of 25mm ID, 32mm OD & 400mm Long (Optional: SS or Brass)
» Manometer: U-tube with Water as Working Fluid
» Blower: Centrifugal ½ Hp, 220 Vac
» Variac: Electronic Dimmer 1.5kw.
» Heater: Externally Heated, Nichrome Band Type (250w)
» Meters: Digital Voltmeter, 0-300v Ac, Ammeter: Digital Ammeter 0-20a Ac
» Temperature Indicator: Digital Temperature Indicator of Range 0-400°c With Tss
» Thermocouples: Teflon Coated Cr –al (K-type)-7 No.
Heat Transferred in Natural Convection Apparatus:
Description:
The apparatus consists of a stainless-steel tube fitted in a rectangular duct in a vertical position. The duct is open at the top and bottom and forms an enclosure. One side of the duct is made of acrylic sheet for visualization. A heating element is kept in the vertical tube, which heats the tube surface. The heat is lost from the tube to the surrounding air by natural convection. Digital temperature indicator measures the temperature at different points.
Specifications:
• Specimen: Stainless Steel tube, ID 38mm/OD 44mm, 500mm length
• Heater: Nichrome wire type heater along with specimen length
• Thermocouples: 8nos.
• Meters: Digital Voltmeter, 0-300v, Ammeter: Digital Ammeter. 20A
• Dimmerstat for heating coil: 0-230 V, 2 amps, AC power
• Enclosure with acrylic door: For visual display of test section (fixed)
Parallel Flow & Counter Flow Heat Exchanger:
Description:
The apparatus consists of a concentric tube heat exchanger. The hot fluid namely hot water is obtained from the Geyser & it flows through the inner tube. The cold fluid i.e., cold water can be admitted at any one of the ends enabling the heat exchanger to run as a parallel flow or as a counter flow exchanger. Measuring jar used for measure flow rate of cold and hot water. This can be adjusted by operating the different valves provided. Temperature of the fluid can be measured using thermocouples with digital display indicator.
Specifications:
• Specimen material: Copper tube, Size ∅12.5mm x 1500 mm long
• Outer Shell material: G.I
• Size of the Outer Shell: ∅25 mm
• Geyser capacity: 1 ltr, 2 kW
Emissivity Measurement Apparatus:
Description:
The experimental set up consists of two circular brass plates of identical dimensions. One of the plates is made black by applying a thick layer of lamp black. Heating coils are provided at the bottom of the plates. The plates are mounted on asbestos cement sheet and kept in an enclosure to provide undisturbed natural convection condition. Three thermocouples are mounted on each plate to measure the average temperature. The heat input can be varied with the help of variac for both the plates.
Specifications:
• Brass Plates: 150mm dia x 6mm thick.
• Variac: Electronic Dimmer 1.5kW.
• Heater: Round type, mica heater100mm dia, 250 watts.
• Meters: Digital Voltmeter, 0-300v, Ammeter: Digital Ammeter. 20A
• Digital Temp Indicator: 0-400°C with Selector Switch.
• Thermocouples: Teflon coated Cr –Al (K-type)-7 nos.
Stefan Boltzmann Apparatus:
Description:
The apparatus consists of a flanged copper hemisphere fixed on a flat non- conducting plate. A test disc made of copper is fixed to the plate. Thus the test disc is completely enclosed by the hemisphere. The outer surface of the hemisphere is enclosed in a vertical water jacket used to heat the hemisphere to a suitable constant temperature. Three Cr-Al thermocouples are attached at three strategic places on the surface of the hemisphere to obtain the temperatures. The disc is mounted on an ebonite rod which is fitted in a hole drilled at the center of the base plate. Another Cr-Al thermocouple is fixed to the disc to record its temperature.
Specifications:
• Specimen material: Copper, size: ∅20mm x 0.5mm thickness
• Base Plate: ∅250mm x 12mm thickness (hylam)
• Heater: 1.5 kW capacity, immersion type
• Copper Bowl: ∅200mm
• Digital temperature indicator: 0 -199.9° C
• Thermocouples: 4 Nos.
• Overhead Tank: SS, approx. 12 liter capacity
Heat Transfer in Drop & Film wise Condensation Apparatus:
Description:
This setup is designed for determining heat transfer co-efficient of two types of condensation and for visualization of these processes. It consists of a vertical frame. Condensation tubes are fitted inside compact glass cylinder. Steam generator is fitted at the backside of the cylinder. Two valves are fitted to control flow rate of water in individual tubes. Pressure gauge and Rotameter can observe steam pressure and cold water flow rates respectively.
Specifications:
• Heater – Immersion type, cap. 2K W
• Meters: Digital Voltmeter, 0-300v, Ammeter: Digital Ammeter. 20A
• Digital Temp Indicator: 0-400°C with Selector Switch.
• power required – A.C. Single Phase 230 V. 15amps
• Thermocouple Used: Teflon coated, Chromal – Alumal (Ch-Al )
• Diameter of the copper tube d = 16mm.
• Length of the copper tube l= 300mm.
• Capacity of boiler max.2Kg/Cm2
• Glass tube dia = 150mm, lenth =300mm, thickness =5mm.